Sutureless cataract surgery, also known as "phacoemulsification," is a modern technique used to remove cataracts and restore vision. It is the most common method for cataract surgery performed today due to its numerous advantages over traditional methods.In traditional cataract surgery, a large incision is made in the cornea (the clear front part of the eye) to remove the clouded lens manually. This incision requires stitches to close, which can lead to a longer recovery time and potential complications.In sutureless cataract surgery, the surgeon uses a tiny incision, typically around 2 to 3 millimeters in length, to access the cataract-damaged lens. The procedure involves the following steps:

• Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is administered to numb the eye, ensuring that the patient feels no pain during the surgery.
• Incision: A small incision is made in the cornea, allowing the surgeon to access the lens.
• Phacoemulsification: The surgeon uses a specialized ultrasound device (phacoemulsifier) to break up the clouded lens into tiny fragments, which are then gently suctioned out through the same small incision.
• Intraocular Lens (IOL) Implantation: After the cataract is removed, an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted through the same incision. The IOL remains in the eye permanently to replace the natural lens and restore clear vision.
• Self-Sealing Incision: In many cases, the small incision is self-sealing, eliminating the need for stitches.

Benefits of sutureless cataract surgery include:

• Smaller Incision: The tiny incision reduces the risk of infection and allows for faster healing.
• Faster Recovery: Patients typically experience a quicker recovery with less discomfort.
• Minimal Astigmatism: The smaller incision helps preserve the corneal shape, reducing the chances of astigmatism (distorted vision).
• Fewer Complications: The reduced size of the incision decreases the likelihood of complications, such as corneal distortion and induced astigmatism.
• Better Visual Outcomes: With the advanced IOL technology, patients can achieve improved vision and reduced dependence on glasses after surgery.